Algae are photosynthetic organisms belonging to the kingdom Protista. Both gametophyte and sporophyte, when present in the life cycle are independent. Asexual reproduction -In asexual reproduction only one parent is involved. It occurs in Sargassumand other colonial algae, whereby the parent cell divides into two or more fragments that grow into new organisms. Explain its main characters. A. These are similar to the parent cell. Fungi are a group of unicellular or multinucleate organisms that live and grow on decomposed matter. The 3 Common Methods of Reproduction Found in Algae are mentioned below: There are three common methods of reproduction found in algae – (i) vegetative, (ii) asexual, and (iii) sexual. The base of the Food Chain. Fragmentation in an alga (Spirogyra) Since both gametes are formed by same cell there is no genetic recombination e.g., diatoms. The male gametes or microgametes are formed in antheridia. The aplanospores on release form new plants, e.g., Ulothrix. Ulva: Sea lettuce. In aquariums where brown algae grow, as a rule, there is always an increased content of organic matter in the water and weak lighting, insufficient for the growth of higher plants and other types of algae, but it is quite suitable for diatoms to reproduce. The thalli fuse to make diploid zygote e.g., Chlamydomonas. Red b. follows –, These are flagellate, motile and naked spores which may be formed either within Brown c. Green d. Blue Green 36. The nucleus of amoeba first divides into two parts. Ø Both algae and fungi can reproduce asexually by the production of various motile and non-motile spores. During times when conditions are unfavorable for development, the algae undergo sexual reproduction to produce gametes. Amoebas are tiny, single-celled organisms that live in moist conditions, such as fresh and salt water, soil, and within animals. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to share notes in Biology. These are formed during unfavorable conditions. a. Spirogyra species can reproduce both sexually and asexually. 3.16A), diatoms etc. B. non-flagellate, non-motile spores formed inside a special spore producing Of the two mating type, one is smaller, active and flagellate Privacy Policy3. exists they germinate to produce new individual plant, e.g.. Answer Now and help others. Vegetative reproduction is by fragmentation. (ii) Fission: Green algae are eukaryotes characterized by chlorophylls a and b as the major photosynthetic pigments (but colorless, heterotrophic taxa are also present [e.g., Polytoma, Polytomella, and Hyalogonium]), starch (α-1,4 and α-1,6 polymer of glucose) located within the chloroplast as the major storage product, and flagella of the whiplash (smooth) type (e.g., Bold and Wynne, 1985). Name the types of nitrogenous bases present in the RNA. unicellular alga with flagella and an eyespot. Algae can be either unicellular or multicellular organisms; Algae lack a well-defined body, so, structures like roots, stems or leaves are absent; Algaes are found where there is adequate moisture. STRUCTURE OF THE GAMETOPHYTE 1. Sexual reproduction takes place Nitrogen; Phosphorous; Co2; How does Green Algae survive? The gametes are formed in gametangia by simple mitotic division or by reduction division. The asexual reproduction in red algae is followed by spore formation where the sexual reproduction is by oogamous type. Exhaustive questions with answer keys are provided. And lastly, most algae and some protozoans are able to do the process of photosynthesis. structure called. The zoospores are formed in reproductive body the zoosporangium. Explore the MCQs for chapter 8 How do Organisms Reproduce only at BYJU’S. B. Ø Both groups can reproduce by vegetative reproduction by fragmentation. Cyanobacteria reproduce asexually by cell division while the asexual reproduction of green algae takes place by budding, fragmentation, fission or by zoospores formation. Red algae produce Monospores -walled, non flagellate, spherical cells that are carried by water currents and … Unicellular algae reproduce by the simplest type of reproduction which consists of cell division. Entrance of the antherozoid: place where the antherozoid penetrates. This process continues and they cover a large area in a short period of time. and form, fuse to form a zygote. (motile), and is known as, MARCHANTIA - CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE OF THE GAMETOPHYTE, REPRODUCTION, SPOROPHYTE, ANTHOCEROS - CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE OF THE GAMETOPHYTE, REPRODUCTION, SPOROPHYTE, SELAGINELLA - CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE OF SPOROPHYTE, REPRODUCTION, STRUCTURE OF GAMETOPHYTE, FERTILIZATION, MORPHOLOGY OF RHIZOPHORE OF SELAGINELLA. Fragmentation is the common method of reproduction in algae, fungi, and lichens. Plasmodium reproduces by this method. Which of the following algae groups is noted by the presence of the reproductive structure called the tetrasporophyte? most algal colonies can reproduce asexually by. Ø Sex organs are naked in both groups, no protective covering for sex organs in both groups Botany, Eukaryotic Organisms, Algae, Reproduction in Algae. In Vaucheria, a compound zoospore called synzoospore is formed. Zoospores are normally formed under favourable conditions. three different methods of reproduction –, In this method the new this type, two morphologically non identical gametes, i.e., gametes of unequal Fragmentation can take place due to mechanical pressure, insect bite etc. Spores are asexual reproductive bodies produced by the parent plant, in spore cases. If the conditions are perfect, algae will thrive; otherwise, it cannot reproduce. the primary method by which the euglena obtains its food is. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. Fragmentation : It is the process of bracking up of the body of an organism into two or more parts called fragments, each of which grows into a new individual. Physical method: The external contraceptives like condoms by males or by females is used. D. Spirogyra Medium. Fragmentation may occur by –. The akinetes are formed under unfavorable conditions as method of perennation. It reproduces by fragmentation. It may be of the following types – Hormospores tide over unfavourable conditions, and when favourable condition Asexual reproduction takes place with the help of some spores and structures. Asexual reproduction occurs by spore formation. The reproduction takes place only by protoplasm of the cell. Among plants, filamentous algae like spirogyra reproduce by this method. Small fish get eaten by bigger fish and so on. Spirogyra, any member of a genus of some 400 species of free-floating green algae found in freshwater environments around the world. a. Content Guidelines 2. by the union of sexual reproductive units called, In they are prokaryotic. Sexual reproduction: reproduction by the union of male and female gametes. They formed due to the storage of food. Thus, the correct answer is option D STRUCTURE OF THE GAMETOPHYTE: 1. Egg: embryonic stage of the alga, which precedes by zygotic stage. Fragmentation is a process that is classified under vegetative reproduction in algae. On the dorsal surface along the, A. If the conditions are perfect, algae will thrive; otherwise, it cannot reproduce. pasteurization. It reproduces by fragmentation. Akinetes, on release, form new thalli. The lobes with divided margins overlap. Fragmentation, also known as splitting, is a form of asexual reproduction in which an organism splits into fragments.Each fragment develops into a mature clone genetically and morphologically identical to its parent. (b) Amoeba reproduces by binary fission and Spirogyra reproduces by fragmentation. size and form, called, In this type fusion takes place between two Algae needs nutrients in water such as. The fusing gametes may be flagellate (motile) euglena. (1) At about 3 min after mixing, some algae show resistance to the host lysosomal enzymes in the DVs, even if … CLASSIFICATION: Division – Lycophyta Class – Lycopsida Order – Selaginellales Family – Selaginellaceae Genus – Selaginella The genus Selaginella is commonly known as “ Club-moss ” or “ Spike-moss ”. individual plant. Asexual, or vegetative, reproduction occurs by simple fragmentation of the filaments. some unicellular algae, e.g.. :- Hypnospores are thick walled structures. Many small algae reproduce asexually by ordinary cell division or by fragmentation, whereas larger algae reproduce by spores. Most fungi are holomorphs and can reproduce both sexually and asexually depending on environmental conditions.. A carposporophyte is a reproductive structure in the life cycle of certain types of a. Seagrasses b. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Aplanospores are non-motile structures, in which protoplasm gets surrounded by thin cell wall. If these chemicals and nutrients are removed it will make the water clear. Share Your PPT File. In multicellular organisms with simple body organization, simple reproductive methods have been noticed. Cyanobacteria do not reproduce by the sexual method, but green algae can reproduce sexually by the formation of gametes. Of these the common species are S. rupestris, S. chrysocaulos, S. pallidissima, S. jacquemonth, S. megaphylla, S. pentagona , etc. This product is also designed to work on any problem algae, according to the manufacturer. Some unicellular forms of algae like Euglena reproduce by binary fission, in which the parent cell divides (longitudinal or transverse) into two similar parts. These gametes are physiologically different due to different hormones. Figure 1. What is seed dormancy? The spores are haploid and are produced by mitosis. Protozoans and some algae species are able to eat food. Hydra, Planaria & Sponges exhibit regeneration. In this method, a mature cell has just one set of chromosomes rather than the customary two. Aplanospores are formed under unfavorable conditions. Charophytes, the organisms that belong to the phylum Charophyta, can reproduce in three different ways, depending on the species. Of these the common species are – M. polymorpha, M. nepalensis, M. palmata , etc. photosynthesis. It is the most advanced type of sexual reproduction. 1. This method of reproduction is found for example in conidial fungi and the red algae Polysiphonia, and involves sporogenesis without meiosis. The species of Anthoceros is cosmopolitan, but occurs mainly in temperate and trophical regions. Tetra spores are non-motile spores formed in some members of Rhodophyceae and Phaeophyceae. Haplontic Life Cycle 2. In addition to these methods, several perennating bodies also develop which face the adverse conditions. Download the solution in PDF format for free by visiting BYJU’S. In simple cell division, two daughter cells are produced from one mother cell. These are as Algae are prominent in bodies of water, common in terrestrial environments. CLASSIFICATION Division – Bryophyta Class – Hepaticopsida Order – Marchantiales Family – Marchantiaceae Genus – Marchantia The genus Marchantia comprises about 65 species and is widely distributed all over the world. Fragmentation can take place due to mechanical pressure, insect bite etc. The vegetative method in Red algae is followed by the fragmentation & regeneration of holdfast. The genus is mainly confined to temperate regions, and is found to grow in moist, cool and shady places. Moss reproduces both sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction allows fungi to form more genetic variants and lineages and can enhance survival through genetic change and adaptation in unstable or unfriendly environments. Some algae can reproduce either asexually or sexually. e.g., Chlamydomonas nivalis. Using pulse labeling of the algae-free paramecia with the isolated symbiotic algae and chase method, we found four necessary cytological events for establishing endosymbiosis. Algae reproduce asexually by fragmentation. ; Both asexual and sexual reproduction, as well as vegetative reproduction, are carried out in different … A carposporophyte is a reproductive structure in the life cycle of certain types of a. Seagrasses b. Which of the statements given above are correct about asexual reproductive methods? How Does Moss Reproduce? Bulbils are the tuber-like outgrowth which are spherical or globular shape, developed at the rhizoidal tips. Macro-algae or “seaweeds” are multicellular plants growing in salt or fresh water. An alga breaks up into two or more fragments. fragmentation. Algae is the base of any pond ecosystem food chain. vegetative cells of some filamentous algae, e.g.. walls and become multicellular spore like structure called hormospores. Algae needs nutrients in water such as. To harvest the algal biomass for oil, the algae are removed from the water, the oil extracted, and then refined for biofuels or other products. These are also thin-walled, non-flagellate spores which are cut off externally Vibrant uses multiple strains of bacteria to attack the algae from different angles. Zoospores move in water before they germinate to make new plants. 1. this type, the mature colonies split up into one or more small parts, each of VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION:- In this method the new individuals are formed directly from the vegetative parts without any change in the protoplast. In favourable conditions, when food is plentiful, amoeba feeds well, grows rapidly and continues reproducing by binary fission. Chloroplasts contain circular DNA that is similar in structure to cyanobacteria. They also have the ability to move from one place to another. There are a variety of aquarium snails that will happily live in a freshwater habitat. Algae regenerate by sexual reproduction, involving male and female gametes (sex cells), or by asexual reproduction or by both ways. Reproduction by fragmentation is seen in filamentous algae, e.g. Algal organisms are photosynthetic macro-algae or microalgae growing in aquatic environments. individual. VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION:- In this method the new individuals are formed directly from the vegetative parts without any change in the protoplast. Tubers are spherical or globular bodies formed on lower nodes and rhizoids in Cliara. Organisms which reproduce by fission are yeast and bacteria. Small algae reproduce asexually by ordinary cell division or by fragmentation, whereas larger algae reproduce by spores. In Spirogyra algae, the plant body breaks up into smaller fragments. This is a question and answer forum for students, teachers and general visitors for exchanging articles, answers and notes. The filamentous thallus breaks into fragments, and each fragment is capable of forming new thallus. By Allison Vela-MendozaAlgae are eukaryotes and conduct photosynthesis within membrane-bound organelles called chloroplasts. Most algae live in aquatic habitats. Disclaimer Copyright, Share Your Knowledge
Algae are a group of simple, typically autotropic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms. The cysts are capable of forming new thallus. Most green algae reproduce both asexually (by mitosis) and sexually. a specialized structure called, These are The common examples are Ulothrix, Spirogyra, Oedogoniwn, Zygnema, Oscillatoria etc. including. cell as a result of division of the entire protoplast of the vegetative cell of by the formation of various kinds of motile and non-motile spores. The lobes are thick and fleshy and generally more or less divided to form an irregularly lobed and folded margin.
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